en Neurotrauma Clinical Trial <strong>Background and Aim:</strong> Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability in young adults. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the antioxidant compound of green tea, has been proposed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluates the potential effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the early clinical outcome and serum S100B levels (biomarker for brain tissue damage severity) in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.<br> <br> <strong>Methods and Materials/Patients:</strong> Thirty patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either a daily oral dose of 400 mg epigallocatechin-3-gallate or placebo (distilled water) for seven days. The main outcome measures were duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, Glasgow Coma Scale, and S100B protein level.<br> <br> <strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed a significant improvement in consciousness level after seven days in the epigallocatechin-3-gallate group (2.93&plusmn;3.9 unit improvement in GCS versus 0.14&plusmn;3.05 reduction in GCS, p-value:0.033). There was also a significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation in the epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to the control group (5.1 days versus 9.8 days, p-value:0.02). Reduction of the serum S100B level was slightly higher in the epigallocatechin-3-gallate group (23.96 versus 18.6 pg/ml) but the difference was not statistically significant.<br> <br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Epigallocatechin-3-gallate supplementation had beneficial effects on consciousness level of the patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in the acute phase.<br> <br> &nbsp; Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Head Trauma, Neuroprotection, S100B Protein, Traumatic Brain Injury 51 57 http://irjns.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-181-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Leila Zareian l-zareian@farabi.tums.ac.ir 10031947532846002260 10031947532846002260 No MSc, Animal Physiology Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran Amir Azarhomayoun dr.azarhomayun@gmail.com 10031947532846002261 10031947532846002261 No MD, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Maysam Alimohamadi alimohamadi59@gmail.com 10031947532846002262 10031947532846002262 No MD, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Khajavi khajavim@tums.ac.ir 10031947532846002263 10031947532846002263 No MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Sina hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soodeh Razeghi-Jahromi razeghi@sina.tums.ac.i 10031947532846002264 10031947532846002264 Yes PhD, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran