en Neurotrauma Clinical Trial <div style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;<br> <strong>Background and </strong><strong>Aim:&nbsp;</strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a globally-critical socioeconomic and public health problem. Introducing medications and strategies to treat and improve the prognosis of TBI is crucial. Current literature not only supports the key role of vitamin D on normal brain function, but also helps recovering from a myriad of pathologies. The present research was conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of vitamin D on patients with TBI presenting to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran.<br> <strong>Methods and Materials/Patients:</strong> This randomized clinical trial assigned patients with vitamin D levels of over30 ng/ml to an intervention group (n=42) and a control group (n=42), who respectively received a single dose (150,000 units) of vitamin D and a placebo upon admission. The Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)<br> and mortality were recorded at the beginning of the study and three months after the final prescription.<br> <strong>Results:&nbsp;</strong>The mean GCS score upon admission was obtained as 8.64&plusmn;2.29 in the vitamin D group and 8.42&plusmn;2.93 in the placebo group. This score was respectively obtained as 13.50&plusmn;1.85 and 10.97&plusmn;2.37 upon discharge, suggesting a significant difference as per the t-test (P=0.04).The mean Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) upon discharge was obtained as 4.24&plusmn;1.51 in the intervention group and 4.10&plusmn;1.40in the controls. The t-test suggested insignificant differences in the GOS between the two groups upon admission (P=0.823). After three months, the GOS respectively reaching desirable levels in 49.7% and 62.8% of cases in the placebo and intervention groups revealed statistically significant differences among the two groups (P=0.03).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present results showed the improving effects of vitamin D on level of consciousness and outcomes in patients with acute TBI. More studies are suggested to be performed to investigate the effects of other medications, including amantadine and methylphenidate with a larger sample size.</div> Traumatic Brain Injury, Vitamin D, GCS 0 0 http://irjns.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-34-9&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Sajjad Shafiei sajad.shafiee@gmail.com 10031947532846007587 10031947532846007587 No Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Functional Fellowship, Department of Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mohammad Sardar Zaheriani paper87@yahoo.com 10031947532846007588 10031947532846007588 No Resident of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Misagh Sahfizad kh568hd@yahoo.com 10031947532846007589 10031947532846007589 No Assistant Professor Neurosurgery, Functional Fellowship, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saeid Ehteshami leilaasadian@ymail.com 10031947532846007590 10031947532846007590 No Assistant Professor Neurosurgery, Spine Fellowship, Department Of Neurosurgery, School Of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mahmoud Mosazadeh mmoosazadeh1351@gmail.com 10031947532846007591 10031947532846007591 No MPH, PhD., in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari,Ira Kaveh Haddadi kavehhaddadi56@gmail.com 10031947532846007592 10031947532846007592 Yes Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Spine Fellowship, Department of Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran