en Neuroscience Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background & Aim</strong>: Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii is a rare fungus that is endemic in the&nbsp;Sahara and Madagascar in southern Africa. The present study was conducted to explain the confirmed&nbsp;cases of histoplasmosis.<br> <strong>Methods and Materials/Patients:</strong> This retrospective study was conducted at the Division of&nbsp;Neurosurgery of Brazzaville teaching hospital in the Republic of Congo. The clinical records of all of the&nbsp;confirmed cases admitted between January 2014 and December 2017 were reviewed.&nbsp;Results: All of the five cases of confirmed histoplasmosis, including two women and three men,&nbsp;with a mean age of 42 years old, admitted to the Division of Neurosurgery over four years were&nbsp;immunocompetent to HIV. Radiological imaging identified a localized form of cold abscess in two of&nbsp;the patients and disseminated forms in three male cases. Lung lesions were also observed in two&nbsp;patients with multilevel spondylodiscitis and lung diseases, and clavicular osteitis in the other patient.&nbsp;Clavicular osteitis was also found to be associated with cutaneous fistulization in one of the patients,&nbsp;with cutaneous nodules in the second patient and with cutaneous nodules and pulmonary lesions&nbsp;in the third. Appropriate outcomes were observed for the localized forms but undesirable ones for&nbsp;the disseminated forms. Four patients had received medical and surgical treatments. This treatment&nbsp;caused an appropriate evolution in patients with localized forms and an undesirable evolution in the&nbsp;two scattered forms. These patients died upon admission due to the complications associated with&nbsp;their severe neurological condition. The final case died before beginning the antifungal treatment&nbsp;following a septic shock with the fistulization of osteitis clavicularis as its potential cause.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although infections with Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii are rare, the lack of&nbsp;comprehensive knowledge on this fungus in the majority of medical staff can explain the delays&nbsp;in treating these infections. Microbiological analyses are therefore required to be performed on&nbsp;pathological materials in the event of suppuration to assist with early diagnosis and effective&nbsp;management.</div> Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, Spinal compression, Fungus scalp, Spondylodiscitis 63 69 http://irjns.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-271-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Leon Boukassa lboukassalouf@gmail.com (Corresponding author) 10031947532846004186 10031947532846004186 Yes Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Republic ‎of Congo, Africa Olivier Braice Ngackosso lair.olive1@gmail.com 10031947532846004187 10031947532846004187 No Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Republic ‎of Congo Sinclair Brice Kinata Bambino kinatabambino@gmail.com 10031947532846004188 10031947532846004188 No Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Republic ‎of Congo Hugues Brieux Ekouele Mbaki hugues.ekouele-mbak@umng.cgi 10031947532846004189 10031947532846004189 No Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Republic ‎of Congo Sylvain Andre Ngounda Monianga sylvain_05@yahoo.fr 10031947532846004190 10031947532846004190 No Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic surgery, Brazzaville Academic Hospital, ‎Republic of Congo Khedel Mavoungou Biatsi khedelmav1@gmail.com 10031947532846004191 10031947532846004191 No Department of Anatomopathology, Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Republic of Congo‎ Jean Felix Pecko jfpecko@hotmail.fr 10031947532846004192 10031947532846004192 No Department of Anatomopathology, Brazzaville Academic Hospital, Republic of Congo‎