en Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Review <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background & Aim: </strong>Traumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of death and disability. The aim of this study is to systematically review the articles which assessed some serum factors of traumatic brain injury patients in relation to their outcomes.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods & Materials/Patients:</strong> Databases were searched for relevant publications from 2005 to 2014. Selection criteria were:Studies which evaluate the factors affecting the outcome after TBI, TBI defined as &ldquo;acute changes in brain function resulting in a strong external force to the head&rdquo;.Resultswere measured by Glasgow Outcome Score or a comparable measure.Factors were measured in first month after injury and the prognosis was addressed. All papers were checked and approved by a specialist and expert in that field. A systematic review was performed for prognostic factors. Results: Sixty-three studies were included. Most studies used Glasgow Outcome Score at 6 months post-injury as outcome measure, sometimes in combination with other outcome measures. Strong evidence for predicting outcome was found for serum concentration of S100 protein, NSE, MBP, NF-H, GFAP, UCH-L1, blood glucose levels, serum levels of LDH, sodium level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, D.dimer, HSP 70, serum levels of IL-8, number of circulating EPCs, and&nbsp; DNA levels in serum. Moderate evidence for predicting outcome was found for high serum MMP9. Strong evidence of no association was found for WBC count and serum cortisol levels. Moderate evidence of no association was found for serum total cholesterol for other determinants, inconclusive or no evidence or limited evidence was found.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> S100 protein, NSE, MBP, NF-H, GFAP, UCH-L1, blood glucose levels, serum levels of LDH, sodium level, prothrombin time, Partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, D.dimer, HSP 70, serum levels of IL-8, number of circulating EPCs, and&nbsp; DNA levels in serum predicted outcome after traumatic brain injury. WBC count, serum cortisol levels, total cholesterol and MMP9 did not have predictive value.</p> Prognostic, Serum Factors, Traumatic Brain Injury 10 22 http://irjns.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-98-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Firooz Salehpoor عطا مهدخواه Salehpoor@gmail.com 10031947532846003859 10031947532846003859 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Ali Meshkini علی مشکینی Meshkini@gmail.com 10031947532846003860 10031947532846003860 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Ghaffar Shokouhi غفار شکوهی Shokouhi@gmail.com 10031947532846003861 10031947532846003861 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Javad Aghazade جواد آقازاده Aghazade@gmail.com 10031947532846003862 10031947532846003862 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Iraj Lotfinia ایرج لطفی نیا lotfinia@gmail.com 10031947532846003863 10031947532846003863 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Moslem Shakeri مسلم شاکری Shakeri@gmail.com 10031947532846003864 10031947532846003864 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Mohammad Shimia محمد شیمیا Shimia@gmail.com 10031947532846003865 10031947532846003865 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Alireza Razzaghi علیرضا رزاقی Razzaghi@gmail.com 10031947532846003866 10031947532846003866 No Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Farhad Mirzaee فرهاد میرزائی Mirzaiee@gmail.com 10031947532846003867 10031947532846003867 No Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Atta Mahdkhah عطا مهدخواه mahdkhah@yahoo.com 10031947532846003868 10031947532846003868 Yes Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences